Cost to Heat a Home in South Dakota: Gas vs Propane vs Heat Pump

In South Dakota the cheapest heat last winter was natural gas at $10.32 per MMBtu delivered; electric resistance cost $39.83 — EIA prices, October 2025 to March 2026.

Updated September 2026 · Source: EIA STEO September 2026, Natural Gas Monthly, SHOPP · EPM Table 5.6.A (July 2026 data) · next: EIA Winter Fuels Outlook Oct 6, weekly SHOPP prices from October

By SolarCostData Data Desk · Reviewed September 2026 · Corrections log

On this page: CalculatorTableHow we calculatedSources

South Dakota heating cost per MMBtu, fuel by fuel

The season column is an illustrative 60 MMBtu of delivered heat; in South Dakota that puts natural gas at $619 and electric resistance at $2,390 for the winter. The this-winter column applies EIA’s national STEO change per fuel to South Dakota’s own price (oil +35% is the large one) — direction, not a state forecast.

The prices behind the table

South Dakota’s June gas figure ($15.26/Mcf) runs 1.5× its winter average ($10.19) because EIA’s residential price is average revenue per Mcf with the fixed charge folded in; the high-volume winter months are the closest published proxy for the marginal rate this page needs.

What South Dakota’s utilities charge

The statewide 13.59¢ hides a 2.0¢ spread between South Dakota’s largest utilities, worth $5.86 per MMBtu on resistance heat and $2.70 on a heat pump. The ZIP lookup finds yours.

How South Dakota homes are heated

Natural gas heats 47.2% of South Dakota’s 358,552 occupied homes against 46.8% nationally, with electricity at 32.6%, propane at 15.6% and heating oil at 1.4%. That lines up with the table above: natural gas was also South Dakota’s cheapest heat last winter at $10.32 per MMBtu.

What the numbers say about South Dakota

At last winter’s average prices, the cheapest way to heat a home in South Dakota was natural gas at about $10 per million Btu delivered, and the most expensive was electric resistance at $40 — a 3.9× spread between the two columns. Gas beat a cold-climate heat pump at 17°F (COP 2.17) by $8.04/MMBtu, and at 47°F (COP 3.2, $12.45) the heat pump still trails. At South Dakota’s winter rates the economic balance point lands above 47°F (COP 3.86 needed against 3.20 available), so the furnace is cheaper at every rated temperature. SHOPP does not survey South Dakota for heating oil, so the table uses the PADD 2 regional average of $3.53/gal, and EIA’s national +35% oil outlook would lift that to about $40/MMBtu. Propane averaged $1.79/gal in the state survey, with a national -5% outlook for this winter.

Heating degree-days: South Dakota’s own figure and the EIA division forecast

South Dakota itself logged 5,532 population-weighted heating degree-days from October 2025 to March 2026 (NOAA Climate Prediction Center state series, base 65°F), against 3,500 for the contiguous US. The month-by-month table below is a different, coarser series — EIA STEO West North Central census division degree-days, the only one with a forecast for the coming winter; it groups South Dakota with its neighbours and is not a South Dakota figure:

January in the EIA West North Central census division (the coarse series that groups South Dakota with its neighbours) averaged about 21°F last winter (65°F minus degree-days per day) and is forecast at 24°F for January 2027, a season move of +373 degree-days. Degree-days set how much heat South Dakota needs, the table above sets the price per unit, and the bill jump calculator multiplies the two.

Where the heat pump crosses over in South Dakota

At last winter’s averages of 13.59¢/kWh and $0.98/therm, a heat pump beats a 95% gas furnace whenever its COP exceeds 3.86. South Dakota’s economic balance point on the NEEP median curve is above 47°F (COP 3.86 needed against 3.20 available), so the furnace is cheaper at every rated temperature; the crossover tool runs seven named units at South Dakota’s prices and the dual-fuel calculator turns the answer into a changeover setting.

From October 6 the EIA Winter Fuels Outlook adds household expenditure by region and the weekly SHOPP survey restarts, giving South Dakota fresh state propane and heating-oil readings on the weekly tracker .

Frequently asked questions

Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) electricity rates · DSIRE incentive records · public IRS/OBBBA guidance. Figures are modeled estimates, not quotes or tax advice. See our methodology.

Where to go next

• Winter heating cost hub: gas vs propane vs oil vs electric — The national table, the arithmetic behind every row here, and all {len(COLD)} state pages.
• Gas vs heat pump heating cost — The COP a heat pump needs to beat gas at $0.98/therm.
• Propane vs heat pump cost — Propane at $1.79/gal against a heat pump at 13.59¢/kWh.
• Electric vs gas heat cost — Resistance heat versus gas across every state with a published gas price.
• Propane vs electric heat cost — Propane at $1.79/gal against resistance strips at 13.59¢/kWh.
• Heating oil and propane prices by state (weekly tracker) — Every SHOPP weekly reading behind South Dakota’s oil and propane figures, with season lows, highs and trend lines.
• Heat pump crossover temperature — Seven named NEEP units at 13.59¢ and $0.98/therm — South Dakota needs COP 3.86 to beat gas.
• Dual-fuel switchover calculator — Turns South Dakota’s balance point (above 47°F (COP 3.86 needed against 3.20 available)) into a thermostat changeover setting.
• Heat pump sizing estimator — South Dakota sits in IECC zone 6A; a January mean near 21°F is the design context for capacity.
• Why is my electric bill so high? — Splits a South Dakota bill jump into weather (5,051 degree-days last winter), rate and usage.
• Solar panel cost in South Dakota — The same 15.37¢/kWh July rate driving payback, utilities and rate history for South Dakota.
• Cost to run a space heater in South Dakota — 1,500 W at South Dakota’s winter rate and degree-days — the per-hour and per-winter figure for one room.
• Cost to run a heat pump in South Dakota — 3,500 W at South Dakota’s winter rate and degree-days — the per-hour and per-winter figure for one room.
• Cost to run a ductless mini-split in South Dakota — 2,000 W at South Dakota’s winter rate and degree-days — the per-hour and per-winter figure for one room.
• Cost to heat a home in Wyoming — Cold-state neighbour on this list: cheapest heat there was natural gas at $12.63/MMBtu.
• Cost to heat a home in New Hampshire — Cold-state neighbour on this list: cheapest heat there was natural gas at $20.00/MMBtu.