https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/ Recent content in Solar Panel Cost by State in 2026: Real Prices & Payback on SolarCostData — 2026 Energy Cost, Savings & Tax-Credit Calculators Hugo en-us Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/hawaii/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:15 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/hawaii/ <p>Everything below uses Hawaii&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (48.0¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,550 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="446.40" data-exact="446.40000000000003" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Hawaii's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="48.0" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 13.5¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="13.50" data-exact="13.5" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Hawaii PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1395" data-exact="1395.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="3.39" data-exact="3.39" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/alaska/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:14 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/alaska/ <p>Everything below uses Alaska&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (28.8¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>880 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="152.22" data-exact="152.2224" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Alaska's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="28.83" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Avoided-cost credit — 7.2¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="7.21" data-exact="7.2075" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Alaska PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="792" data-exact="792.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.80" data-exact="2.8" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/california/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:14 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/california/ <p>Everything below uses California&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (33.6¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,610 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="324.67" data-exact="324.67260000000005" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with California's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="33.61" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 6.5¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="6.50" data-exact="6.5" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— California PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1449" data-exact="1449.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.47" data-exact="2.47" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/oregon/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:14 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/oregon/ <p>Everything below uses Oregon&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (16.0¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,075 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="103.01" data-exact="103.0065" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Oregon's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="15.97" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="4.79">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 4.8¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Oregon PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="968" data-exact="967.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.47" data-exact="2.47" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/washington/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:14 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/washington/ <p>Everything below uses Washington&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (14.7¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,045 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="92.23" data-exact="92.2317" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Washington's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="14.71" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="4.41">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 4.4¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Washington PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="940" data-exact="940.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.55" data-exact="2.55" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/arizona/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:13 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/arizona/ <p>Everything below uses Arizona&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (15.4¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,685 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="155.49" data-exact="155.4918" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Arizona's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="15.38" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 4.6¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="4.61" data-exact="4.614" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Arizona PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1516" data-exact="1516.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.21" data-exact="2.21" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/colorado/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:13 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/colorado/ <p>Everything below uses Colorado&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (17.0¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,485 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="151.47" data-exact="151.47" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Colorado's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="17.0" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="5.10">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 5.1¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Colorado PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1336" data-exact="1336.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.66" data-exact="2.66" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/idaho/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:13 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/idaho/ <p>Everything below uses Idaho&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (13.7¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,380 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="113.68" data-exact="113.6844" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Idaho's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="13.73" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 8.0¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Idaho PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1242" data-exact="1242.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="3.05" data-exact="3.05" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/montana/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:13 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/montana/ <p>Everything below uses Montana&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (15.0¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,275 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="114.67" data-exact="114.6735" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Montana's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="14.99" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="4.50">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 4.5¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Montana PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1148" data-exact="1147.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.54" data-exact="2.54" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/nevada/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:13 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/nevada/ <p>Everything below uses Nevada&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (12.8¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,705 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="130.64" data-exact="130.6371" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Nevada's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="12.77" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 3.8¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="3.83" data-exact="3.8309999999999995" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Nevada PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1534" data-exact="1534.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.38" data-exact="2.38" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/new-mexico/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:13 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/new-mexico/ <p>Everything below uses New Mexico&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (16.1¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,720 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="166.05" data-exact="166.0488" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with New Mexico's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="16.09" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="4.83">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 4.8¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— New Mexico PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1548" data-exact="1548.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.67" data-exact="2.67" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/texas/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:13 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/texas/ <p>Everything below uses Texas&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (15.9¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,455 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="138.63" data-exact="138.6324" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Texas's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="15.88" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — the best case, the low end of this page's range</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="3.00">Reduced credit — 3.0¢/kWh, the high end of the range</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="3.00" data-exact="3.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Texas PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1310" data-exact="1309.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.25" data-exact="2.25" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/utah/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:13 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/utah/ <p>Everything below uses Utah&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (13.1¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,430 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="112.57" data-exact="112.56959999999998" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Utah's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="13.12" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 4.4¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="4.40" data-exact="4.4" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Utah PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1287" data-exact="1287.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.50" data-exact="2.5" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/wyoming/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:13 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/wyoming/ <p>Everything below uses Wyoming&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (14.4¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,475 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="127.09" data-exact="127.08600000000001" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Wyoming's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="14.36" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="4.31">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 4.3¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Wyoming PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1328" data-exact="1327.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="3.54" data-exact="3.54" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/alabama/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/alabama/ <p>Everything below uses Alabama&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (16.4¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,360 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="133.82" data-exact="133.82399999999998" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Alabama's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="16.4" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — the best case, the low end of this page's range</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="4.92">Reduced credit — 4.9¢/kWh, the high end of the range</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="4.92" data-exact="4.919999999999999" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Alabama PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1224" data-exact="1224.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="3.88" data-exact="3.88" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/arkansas/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/arkansas/ <p>Everything below uses Arkansas&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (14.3¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,360 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="116.93" data-exact="116.9328" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Arkansas's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="14.33" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 4.3¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="4.30" data-exact="4.2989999999999995" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Arkansas PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1224" data-exact="1224.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.38" data-exact="2.38" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/delaware/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/delaware/ <p>Everything below uses Delaware&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (18.5¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,270 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="140.82" data-exact="140.8176" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Delaware's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="18.48" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="5.54">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 5.5¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Delaware PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1143" data-exact="1143.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.54" data-exact="2.54" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/florida/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/florida/ <p>Everything below uses Florida&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (15.0¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,475 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="133.02" data-exact="133.0155" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Florida's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="15.03" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="4.51">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 4.5¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Florida PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1328" data-exact="1327.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.13" data-exact="2.13" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/georgia/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/georgia/ <p>Everything below uses Georgia&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (16.3¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,385 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="135.20" data-exact="135.2037" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Georgia's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="16.27" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 3.2¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="3.22" data-exact="3.2188" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Georgia PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1246" data-exact="1246.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.49" data-exact="2.49" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/illinois/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/illinois/ <p>Everything below uses Illinois&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (19.2¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,245 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="143.57" data-exact="143.5734" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Illinois's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="19.22" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 5.8¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="5.77" data-exact="5.765999999999999" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Illinois PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1120" data-exact="1120.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="3.02" data-exact="3.02" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/indiana/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/indiana/ <p>Everything below uses Indiana&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (16.7¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,255 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="125.98" data-exact="125.9769" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Indiana's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="16.73" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 5.0¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="5.02" data-exact="5.019" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Indiana PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1130" data-exact="1129.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.79" data-exact="2.79" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/iowa/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/iowa/ <p>Everything below uses Iowa&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (16.0¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,295 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="124.24" data-exact="124.24230000000001" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Iowa's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="15.99" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 4.8¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="4.80" data-exact="4.797" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Iowa PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1166" data-exact="1165.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="3.28" data-exact="3.28" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/kansas/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/kansas/ <p>Everything below uses Kansas&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (15.3¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,455 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="133.31" data-exact="133.30710000000002" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Kansas's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="15.27" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 4.6¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="4.58" data-exact="4.5809999999999995" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Kansas PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1310" data-exact="1309.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.64" data-exact="2.64" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/kentucky/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/kentucky/ <p>Everything below uses Kentucky&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (13.8¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,260 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="104.40" data-exact="104.4036" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Kentucky's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="13.81" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 6.9¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="6.92" data-exact="6.924" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Kentucky PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1134" data-exact="1134.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.55" data-exact="2.55" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/louisiana/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/louisiana/ <p>Everything below uses Louisiana&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (12.7¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,420 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="108.37" data-exact="108.3744" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Louisiana's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="12.72" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Avoided-cost credit — 3.2¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="3.18" data-exact="3.18" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Louisiana PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1278" data-exact="1278.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.35" data-exact="2.35" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/maryland/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/maryland/ <p>Everything below uses Maryland&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (21.4¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,280 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="164.43" data-exact="164.4288" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Maryland's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="21.41" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="6.42">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 6.4¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Maryland PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1152" data-exact="1152.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.62" data-exact="2.62" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/michigan/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/michigan/ <p>Everything below uses Michigan&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (23.1¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,205 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="166.65" data-exact="166.6515" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Michigan's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="23.05" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 6.9¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="6.92" data-exact="6.915" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Michigan PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1084" data-exact="1084.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.91" data-exact="2.91" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/minnesota/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/minnesota/ <p>Everything below uses Minnesota&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (17.4¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,235 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="129.30" data-exact="129.3045" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Minnesota's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="17.45" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="5.23">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 5.2¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Minnesota PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1112" data-exact="1111.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="3.23" data-exact="3.23" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/mississippi/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/mississippi/ <p>Everything below uses Mississippi&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (14.5¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,390 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="121.26" data-exact="121.2636" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Mississippi's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="14.54" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 2.5¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="2.50" data-exact="2.5" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Mississippi PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1251" data-exact="1251.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.29" data-exact="2.29" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/missouri/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/missouri/ <p>Everything below uses Missouri&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (16.1¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,315 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="126.95" data-exact="126.95009999999998" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Missouri's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="16.09" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Avoided-cost credit — 4.0¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="4.02" data-exact="4.0225" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Missouri PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1184" data-exact="1183.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.51" data-exact="2.51" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/nebraska/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/nebraska/ <p>Everything below uses Nebraska&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (13.8¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,335 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="110.38" data-exact="110.3778" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Nebraska's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="13.78" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="4.13">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 4.1¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Nebraska PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1202" data-exact="1201.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="3.62" data-exact="3.62" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/north-carolina/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/north-carolina/ <p>Everything below uses North Carolina&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (15.2¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,375 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="125.07" data-exact="125.07000000000001" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with North Carolina's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="15.16" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 4.5¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="4.55" data-exact="4.548" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— North Carolina PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1238" data-exact="1237.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.35" data-exact="2.35" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/north-dakota/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/north-dakota/ <p>Everything below uses North Dakota&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (13.4¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,190 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="95.75" data-exact="95.74739999999998" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with North Dakota's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="13.41" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Avoided-cost credit — 3.4¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="3.35" data-exact="3.3525" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— North Dakota PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1071" data-exact="1071.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="4.18" data-exact="4.18" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/ohio/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/ohio/ <p>Everything below uses Ohio&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (19.4¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,215 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="141.79" data-exact="141.7905" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Ohio's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="19.45" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 5.8¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="5.83" data-exact="5.835" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Ohio PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1094" data-exact="1093.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.69" data-exact="2.69" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/oklahoma/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/oklahoma/ <p>Everything below uses Oklahoma&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (14.3¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,475 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="127.00" data-exact="126.99749999999999" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Oklahoma's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="14.35" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Avoided-cost credit — 3.6¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="3.59" data-exact="3.5875" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Oklahoma PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1328" data-exact="1327.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.62" data-exact="2.62" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/south-carolina/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/south-carolina/ <p>Everything below uses South Carolina&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (15.5¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,385 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="128.56" data-exact="128.5557" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with South Carolina's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="15.47" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 4.6¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="4.64" data-exact="4.641" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— South Carolina PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1246" data-exact="1246.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.61" data-exact="2.61" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/south-dakota/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/south-dakota/ <p>Everything below uses South Dakota&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (15.4¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,310 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="120.81" data-exact="120.8082" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with South Dakota's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="15.37" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>No export credit — exports earn nothing — 0.0¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="0.00" data-exact="0.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— South Dakota PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1179" data-exact="1179.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="3.50" data-exact="3.5" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/tennessee/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/tennessee/ <p>Everything below uses Tennessee&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (13.7¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,290 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="106.12" data-exact="106.11540000000001" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Tennessee's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="13.71" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — the best case, the low end of this page's range</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="4.11">Reduced credit — 4.1¢/kWh, the high end of the range</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="4.11" data-exact="4.113" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Tennessee PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1161" data-exact="1161.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="3.56" data-exact="3.56" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/virginia/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/virginia/ <p>Everything below uses Virginia&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (17.6¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,330 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="140.05" data-exact="140.049" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Virginia's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="17.55" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="5.26">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 5.3¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Virginia PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1197" data-exact="1197.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.52" data-exact="2.52" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/west-virginia/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/west-virginia/ <p>Everything below uses West Virginia&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (15.8¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,185 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="112.20" data-exact="112.1958" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with West Virginia's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="15.78" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 10.8¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="10.85" data-exact="10.85" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— West Virginia PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1066" data-exact="1066.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.90" data-exact="2.9" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/wisconsin/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:12 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/wisconsin/ <p>Everything below uses Wisconsin&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (19.1¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,245 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="142.38" data-exact="142.3782" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Wisconsin's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="19.06" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — the best case, the low end of this page's range</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="5.72">Reduced credit — 5.7¢/kWh, the high end of the range</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="5.72" data-exact="5.717999999999999" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Wisconsin PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1120" data-exact="1120.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="3.11" data-exact="3.11" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/connecticut/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:11 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/connecticut/ <p>Everything below uses Connecticut&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (24.2¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,235 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="179.03" data-exact="179.02560000000003" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Connecticut's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="24.16" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 7.2¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="7.25" data-exact="7.247999999999999" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Connecticut PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1112" data-exact="1111.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.73" data-exact="2.73" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/maine/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:11 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/maine/ <p>Everything below uses Maine&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (32.4¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,225 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="238.21" data-exact="238.21349999999995" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Maine's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="32.41" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="9.72">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 9.7¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Maine PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1102" data-exact="1102.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.93" data-exact="2.93" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/massachusetts/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:11 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/massachusetts/ <p>Everything below uses Massachusetts&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (30.5¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,250 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="228.67" data-exact="228.67499999999998" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Massachusetts's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="30.49" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="9.15">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 9.1¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Massachusetts PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1125" data-exact="1125.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.91" data-exact="2.91" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/new-hampshire/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:11 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/new-hampshire/ <p>Everything below uses New Hampshire&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (26.6¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,220 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="194.71" data-exact="194.71200000000002" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with New Hampshire's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="26.6" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 8.0¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="7.98" data-exact="7.98" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— New Hampshire PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1098" data-exact="1098.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.89" data-exact="2.89" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/new-jersey/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:11 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/new-jersey/ <p>Everything below uses New Jersey&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (25.2¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,260 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="190.44" data-exact="190.43640000000002" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with New Jersey's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="25.19" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="7.56">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 7.6¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— New Jersey PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1134" data-exact="1134.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.68" data-exact="2.68" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/new-york/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:11 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/new-york/ <p>Everything below uses New York&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (29.9¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,270 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="227.84" data-exact="227.838" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with New York's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="29.9" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="8.97">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 9.0¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— New York PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1143" data-exact="1143.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.76" data-exact="2.76" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/pennsylvania/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:11 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/pennsylvania/ <p>Everything below uses Pennsylvania&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (21.7¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,270 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="165.51" data-exact="165.50639999999999" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Pennsylvania's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="21.72" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="6.52">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 6.5¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Pennsylvania PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1143" data-exact="1143.0" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.58" data-exact="2.58" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/rhode-island/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:11 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/rhode-island/ <p>Everything below uses Rhode Island&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (28.3¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,255 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="213.02" data-exact="213.0237" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Rhode Island's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="28.29" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="retail" selected>Full-retail net metering — this page's headline</option> <option value="billing" data-expc="8.49">Net billing — exports credited below retail (assume 8.5¢)</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap" hidden>Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="8.00" data-exact="8.0" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap" hidden>Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Rhode Island PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1130" data-exact="1129.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.77" data-exact="2.77" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p> https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/vermont/ Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:50:11 +0300 https://solarcostdata.com/solar-panel-cost/vermont/ <p>Everything below uses Vermont&rsquo;s <strong>real average residential electricity rate (23.8¢/kWh, EIA)</strong> and a production band of about <strong>1,125 kWh per kW per year</strong>. Both are stated openly because they are the two inputs that decide the answer. These are estimates for sanity-checking a quote, not a quote.</p> <h2 id="run-it-with-your-own-numbers">Run it with your own numbers</h2> <div class="calc" id="calc"> <label>Your average monthly electric bill ($) <span class="muted">— prefilled so the default run is the 8 kW system this page prices</span> <input max="3000" type="number" id="bill" value="160.31" data-exact="160.3125" min="20" step="10"></label> <label>Your electricity rate (¢ per kWh) <span class="muted">— pre-filled with Vermont's EIA average; use your bill if you have it</span> <input max="80" type="number" id="rate" value="23.75" min="5" step="0.5"></label> <label>What your utility pays for exported power <select id="exprule"> <option value="billing" selected>Net billing — 14.4¢/kWh modeled, this page's headline</option> <option value="retail">Full-retail net metering — for comparison</option> </select></label> <label id="expWrap">Export credit (¢ per kWh) <input max="60" type="number" id="expc" value="14.40" data-exact="14.398" min="0" step="0.5"></label> <label id="selfWrap">Share you use on site (%) <span class="muted">— ~40% without a battery</span> <input type="number" id="self" value="40" min="5" max="100" step="5"></label> <details class="calc-adv"><summary>Advanced — production per kW, installed cost per watt</summary> <label>Annual production per kW (kWh) <span class="muted">— Vermont PVGIS-NSRDB figure, already cut 10% for a real roof (shade, pitch, orientation)</span> <input type="number" id="yield" value="1012" data-exact="1012.5" min="600" max="2000" step="25"></label> <label>Installed cost per watt ($) <span class="muted">— typical $2.50–$3.50 gross</span> <input max="8.0" type="number" id="cpw" value="2.76" data-exact="2.76" min="1" step="0.10"></label> </details> <div class="result" aria-live="polite" role="status"> <div>System size: <span class="big" id="size">—</span></div> <div style="margin-top:8px">Annual production: <strong id="prod">—</strong></div> <div>Net cost (federal credit $0): <strong id="net">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated year-1 saving: <strong id="ann">—</strong></div> <div>Estimated payback: <strong id="pay">—</strong></div> <div>25-year net position: <strong id="net25">—</strong></div> <div class="muted" style="margin-top:8px">Same model as the full <a href="https://solarcostdata.com/tools/solar-savings-calculator/" style="color:#6ee7b7">savings calculator</a>, including $150/yr running costs and a $2,000 inverter replacement in year 14. Excludes fixed connection charges. Estimate, not a quote.</div> </div> </div> <script> (function(){ var $=function(i){return document.getElementById(i)}; var INFL=1.025,DEGR=0.995,OM=150,INV=2000,INVY=13; function money(n){return '$'+Math.round(n).toLocaleString('en-US')} // an untouched field keeps the model's exact value (data-exact), so the default run equals the page headline digit for digit function ex(i){var e=$(i);return (e.value===e.defaultValue&&e.dataset.exact)?+e.dataset.exact:(+e.value||0)} function calc(){ var bill=ex('bill'),rate=+$('rate').value||0,yld=ex('yield'),cpw=ex('cpw'); var rule=$('exprule').value,expc=ex('expc'),self=(+$('self').value||0)/100; if(rate<=0||yld<=0||cpw<=0){return} var annualBill=bill*12, annualKwh=annualBill/(rate/100); var sizeKw=annualKwh/yld, prod=sizeKw*yld, net=sizeKw*1000*cpw; var exportRate = rule==='retail' ? rate/100 : expc/100; var selfShare = rule==='retail' ? 1 : self; var used=Math.min(prod*selfShare, annualKwh), exported=Math.max(prod-used,0); var annual=used*(rate/100)+exported*exportRate; var cum=0; for(var y=0;y<25;y++){cum+=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y)*Math.pow(DEGR,y)-OM-(y===INVY?INV:0)} var run=0,pay=0; for(var y2=0;y2<60;y2++){ var step=annual*Math.pow(INFL,y2)*Math.pow(DEGR,y2)-OM-(y2===INVY?INV:0); if(step<=0)continue; if(run+step>=net){pay=y2+(net-run)/step;break} run+=step; } $('size').textContent=sizeKw.toFixed(1)+' kW'; $('prod').textContent=Math.round(prod).toLocaleString('en-US')+' kWh/yr'; $('net').textContent=money(net); $('ann').textContent=money(annual); $('pay').textContent=(annual>0&&pay>0&&pay<=60)?'~'+pay.toFixed(1)+' years':'over 60 years'; $('net25').textContent=money(cum-net); } $('exprule').addEventListener('change',function(ev){ var o=$('exprule').selectedOptions[0]; var nb=$('exprule').value==='billing'; if(o&&o.dataset.expc&&ev.isTrusted){$('expc').value=o.dataset.expc} /* preset only on a real click; a ?expc= restore keeps its own value */ $('expWrap').hidden=!nb; $('selfWrap').hidden=!nb; calc(); }); ['bill','rate','yield','cpw','expc','self'].forEach(function(i){$(i).addEventListener('input',calc)}); calc(); })(); </script> <div class="whatif" id="whatif" data-ev="bill"> <strong>What changes if…</strong> <label>Electricity rates move <span id="wfLbl"></span> <input type="range" id="wfSlider" min="-20" max="40" step="5" value="0" aria-label="Rate change, percent"></label> <label class="wf-ev"><input type="checkbox" id="wfEv"> We also charge an EV at home</label> <p class="muted" id="wfEvOut" hidden></p>